ABSTRACT Along the southern Morocco-Algeria border runs the Jebel Bani mountain range, a feature that marks the edge of the Anti-Atlas mountain region and the beginning of the Sahara Desert. The area receives little annual rainfall and has almost no surface water. Despite the dry environment, there is a string of agricultural oases that use ancient underground technology to access groundwater. The khettara system (qanat) has allowed for life in this arid landscape for centuries but is currently facing rapid abandonment, and the oases are subsequently struggling to survive. This project, a community-based archaeological survey of the khettara oases along the Jebel Bani, demonstrates how modern irrigation practices are undermining the resilience and sustainability of Saharan oases and emphasizes the importance of traditional water management practices. This project provides a new avenue for understanding the diffusion, use, and abandonment of the khettara oasis systems and other traditional water management systems worldwide.